发展地理学视角下欠发达地区贫困的地方分异与治理   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

刘小鹏  李伟华  王鹏  王亚娟  程静  马存霞 《地理学报》2019,74(10):2108-2122

在梳理发展地理学的发展过程、基本理论、分析模式和方法的基础上,结合中国解决区域性整体贫困目标和可持续发展本地化与减贫的学术探索,构建了欠发达地区贫困的发展地理学分析框架,建立了由经济地理资本、社会地理资本、文化地理资本、生态地理资本和政治地理资本构成的“五位一体”地理资本指标体系,提出了数据处理集成方法和技术流程,系统分析欠发达地区贫困的地方分异与治理方案。实证研究显示：① 地理探测可以确定作用地方贫困的主导地理资本,各主导地理资本对贫困发生率的决定力L_{A, P} ≥ 0.15;② 在不同主导地理资本作用下,5个单维地理资本指数及其合成的区域地理资本指数地方分异明显,存在阻隔和时滞特征;③ 贫困的地方分异可分为经济地理资本约束型、经济—社会地理资本约束型、经济—社会—生态地理资本约束型、经济—社会—文化—生态地理资本约束型4大类共7小类;④ 立足发展特征,挖掘地方动力,提出不同贫困分异类型的地方治理对策和模式。乡村振兴和2020年的减贫转向,应重视欠发达地区贫困的空间分异与空间扩散、空间整合的综合研究,为可持续发展本地化与减贫提供发展地理学解决方案。  相似文献   

湖南省县域乡村反贫困绩效评价与空间分异特征   总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2  

谭雪兰  蒋凌霄  米胜渊  欧阳巧玲  王振凯  安悦 《地理科学》2019,39(6):938-946

综合运用熵值法、地理探测器等方法,从基本生存绩效、自身发展绩效,县域扶贫绩效3个方面构建指标体系,对湖南省51个贫困县2017年反贫困绩效空间地域分异特征及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明：① 湖南省贫困农户一般能满足基本的生存需要;自身发展绩效水平得分较高的区域大多处于武陵源区、鹤城区等城市市区周围以及罗霄山片区,而雪峰山脉周围县市则普遍较低;县域扶贫绩效水平高的区域分布较为零散,大致位于各城区周围,而省城或西北的少数民族聚集区以及中南部绩效水平还有待提高。② 反贫困绩效总体上呈现出高、中、低3种绩效水平交替分布的空间特征,愈靠近武陵源区、鹤城区和长株潭地区的贫困县市,综合反贫困绩效水平愈高。③ 县域发展情况是影响湖南省反贫困绩效的决定性因素,农户条件与乡村状况是基础性因素,自然条件是重要因素,各因子间交互作用的影响远大于单因子,不存在独立作用的因素,体现出湖南省反贫困绩效影响因素的复杂性特征。  相似文献   

Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy of Photospheric Shear Flows in a Small <Emphasis Type="Italic">δ</Emphasis> Spot     

C. Denker  N. Deng  A. Tritschler  V. Yurchyshyn 《Solar physics》2007,245(2):219-238

In recent high-resolution observations of complex active regions, long-lasting and well-defined regions of strong flows were identified in major flares and associated with bright kernels of visible, near-infrared, and X-ray radiation. These flows, which occurred in the proximity of the magnetic neutral line, significantly contributed to the generation of magnetic shear. Signatures of these shear flows are strongly curved penumbral filaments, which are almost tangential to sunspot umbrae rather than exhibiting the typical radial filamentary structure. Solar active region NOAA 10756 was a moderately complex β δ sunspot group, which provided an opportunity to extend previous studies of such shear flows to quieter settings. We conclude that shear flows are a common phenomenon in complex active regions and δ spots. However, they are not necessarily a prerequisite condition for flaring. Indeed, in the present observations, the photospheric shear flows along the magnetic neutral line are not related to any change of the local magnetic shear. We present high-resolution observations of NOAA 10756 obtained with the 65-cm vacuum reflector at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). Time series of speckle-reconstructed white-light images and two-dimensional spectroscopic data were combined to study the temporal evolution of the three-dimensional vector flow field in the β δ sunspot group. An hour-long data set of consistent high quality was obtained, which had a cadence of better than 30 seconds and subarcsecond spatial resolution.  相似文献   

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陈德福  陈京  杨星 《大地测量与地球动力学》2008,28(3):21-26

?????б????α????????SWW??2.8 km??????????????α???????????α????????????21???25??????????????????????????????????????????????1995??2001???????4??Ms??6.0????????????????????????????????????W????????????????????????????°???????????????????1.00?????9 mm?????????????????4??6???￡????о??140 km?????????????????????????????ж??????????  相似文献   

赤潮影响下的滨海旅游环境价值损失评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘希真  宋琍琍  陈思杨  余骏  马佳斌  刘瑞娟  林雨霏 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(11):53-58

浙江海域是全国赤潮的高发区域之一,赤潮多次影响海水养殖区、滨海旅游区等近岸敏感海域。赤潮发生时,不但海水变色影响景观美感,还会产生大量泡沫和腥臭气,严重影响滨海旅游区的休闲娱乐功能。文章运用条件价值评估法(CVM),通过调查问卷的方式获得象山松兰山海滨浴场及周边区域的游客对赤潮灾害治理的支付意愿(WTP),间接估算出,2017年象山海域受赤潮影响滨海旅游环境价值损失为9 662.4万元,占象山县全年旅游总收入的0.4%。在此基础上,通过多元线性回归分析及显著性检验得到,影响游客支付意愿的因素主要为赤潮对滨海景观的影响程度和游客对赤潮的认知度。本次调查评估客观反映了象山县滨海游客对赤潮治理支付意愿的大致程度,量化评估了赤潮对滨海旅游业造成的价值损失,研究结果可作为评估赤潮灾害对滨海旅游业造成经济损失的依据。  相似文献   

Fishery decline in Utila: Disentangling the web of governance     

R.C. Korda  J.M. Hills  T.S. Gray 《Marine Policy》2008,32(6):968-979

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Characteristics of Extreme Temperature Event and Its Response to Regional Warming in Northwest China in Past 45 Years   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YANG Jinhu REN Chuanyou JIANG Zhihong 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(1):70-76

Using the daily maximum and minimum temperature dataset from 128 stations from 1960 to 2004 in Northwest China, daily extreme high temperature （EHT） and extreme low temperature （ELT） thresholds were determined by centesimal method for different stations at first, then yearly EHT and ELT events were counted up in different stations, and the characteristics of their spatio-temporal distribution were diagnosed at last. The study drew following conclusions： 1） The consistent anomaly distribution characteristic was the most important mode of the EHT and ELT events in Northwest China. 2） The spatial distribution of the EHT and ELT events can be divided into five sub-regions, namely, the north of Qinghai and west of Gansu, the north of Xinjiang, the south of Xinjiang, the east of Northwest China and the south of Qinghai. 3） The EHT events showed remarkable increasing trend in all of five sub-regions, but only in the north of Qinghai and west of Gansu area, sudden change phenomenon occurred; the ELT events showed decreasing trend in all of five sub-regions, and sudden change phenomenon occurred in Northwest China except for south of Qinghai. 4） In all of five sub-regions the EHT events showed remarkable 12-14yr period oscillation, and the ELT event showed significant 13-15yr and 7-8yr period oscillation. 5） The EHT and ELT events displayed remarkable positive and negative responses to regional warming of Northwest China respectively.  相似文献   

甘肃玛曲大水金矿矿体地质数据中蕴涵的成矿信息   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何进忠  姚书振  龚全胜  陈耀宇 《地质学报》2008,82(8):1142-1151

大水金矿是著名的超大型矿床,对于其地质地球化学特征已有许多较深入的研究,本文通过单因素直方图统计、关联分析、分形统计、曲线拟合等方法研究了矿体地质数据之间的关系。规模最大的主矿体与其他矿体相比,在顶板围岩、底板围岩、品位、矿体倾向、长度、延深等6个要素上均体现出奇异性,可见主矿体是在十分特殊的地质环境中形成的。控矿变量中,矿体长度、厚度、延深和倾向等变量之间具有相关性,倾向在20°~320°内变化,倾角、品位与其他变量之间的相关性不显著;由此推测,成矿作用的发生并不直接受控于浅层的构造因素,而与岩浆侵入及热液活动诱发的似环状、似锥状局部构造裂隙有关。矿体资源量具有明显的多重分形分布特征,而矿体的长度总体上呈简单分形分布,与前人的研究结果联系起来看,大吨位矿体的围岩以构造角砾岩或蚀变角砾岩为特征,属于充填成因;而中等规模的矿体则属于热液交代成因,一些小规模矿体可能与沉积作用有关;在成矿空间上,不同期次的成矿作用遵循了同位成矿规律。矿床的吨品位关系对幂律分布并不能很好地拟合,而是服从指数分布。  相似文献   

西藏桑桑蛇绿岩辉绿岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄：对特提斯洋盆发育的年代学制约   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

夏斌  李建峰  刘立文  徐力峰  何观生  王洪  张玉泉  杨之青 《地球化学》2008,37(4)

蛇绿岩中的辉绿岩岩墙是洋脊扩张的产物,其形成年龄代表了扩张事件的时间,也代表了蛇绿岩的形成时代.对雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段桑桑蛇绿岩中的辉绿岩岩墙进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,得出加权平均年龄为(125.2±3.4)Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.15),即辉绿岩结晶年龄.结合已有的关于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩形成年龄(中段大竹卡(126.0±1.5)Ma,吉定(123.0±1.8)Ma;西段休古嘎布(122.3±2.4)Ma和东段罗布莎(162.9±2.8)Ma)的报道,该结果表明桑桑地区特提斯洋海底扩张的时代,与中段大竹卡、吉定地区以及西段休古嘎布地区洋盆形成时代一致,但晚于东段发育时代,表明雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段地区洋盆时代相当,而整个东特提斯洋盆发育时代存在东早西晚的特点.  相似文献   

Seismic and sequence stratigraphy of the central western continental margin of India: late-Quaternary evolution     

S.M Karisiddaiah  M VeerayyaK.H Vora 《Marine Geology》2002,192(4):335-353

Seismic and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the central western continental margin of India (between Coondapur and south of Mangalore) has been investigated with shallow seismic data. Seismic stratigraphic analysis defined nine seismic units, that are configured in a major type-1 depositional sequence possibly related to fourth-order eustatic sea-level changes, comprising regressive, lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The late-Quaternary evolution of the continental margin took place under the influence of an asymmetric relative fourth-order sea-level cycle punctuated by higher frequency cycles. These cycles of minor order were characterised by rapid sea-level rises and gradual sea-level falls that generated depositional sequences spanning different time scales. During the regressive periods, dipping strata were developed, while erosional surfaces and incised valleys were formed during the lowstands of sea level. Terraces, v-shaped depressions, lagoon-like structures observed on the outer continental shelf are the result of the transgressive period. In the study area we have recognised a complex erosional surface that records a long time span during the relative sea-level fall (regressive period) and the following sea-level lowstand and has been reworked during the last transgression. We also infer that sedimentation processes changed from siliciclastic sedimentation to carbonate sedimentation and again to siliciclastic sedimentation, marking an important phase in the late-Quaternary evolution of the western continental shelf of India. We attribute this to an abrupt climate change at the end of the oxygen isotope stage 2, between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Bølling-Allerod event (14?000 yr BP). This sensitive climate change (warming) favoured the formation of reefs at various depths on the shelf, besides the development of Fifty Fathom Flat, a carbonate platform on the outer shelf off Bombay developed prior to 8300 yr BP. The highstand systems tracts were deposited after the sea level reached its present position.  相似文献